Tubular ultrafiltration membranes yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv polymeric lossis ceramic rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais nrog cov kev sib cais tshwj xeeb, lub zog txhua yam, thiab cov qauv ruaj khov los ntawm cov txheej txheem physicochemical. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog: kev npaj cov khoom siv raw → kev txhawb nqa kev npaj → kev sib cais txheej tsim → molding thiab curing → post-kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sim → module encapsulation.
Raw Material Preparation and Membrane Solution Preparation Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim khoom yog xaiv cov khoom siv membrane uas tsim nyog raws li qhov ntsuas xws li lub hom phiaj molecular hnyav txiav, kub thiab corrosion kuj, thiab txhua yam muaj zog. Cov ntaub ntawv organic feem ntau suav nrog polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), thiab polypropylene (PP); Inorganic daim nyias nyias yog tsim los ntawm alumina (Al₂O₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), thiab titanium dioxide (TiO₂).
Tom qab xaiv cov khoom, qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau npaj kom meej. Noj PES lossis PVDF ua piv txwv, lawv feem ntau sib xyaw nrog cov kuab tshuaj (xws li N, N-dimethylacetamide, DMAC) thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv (xws li polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) hauv ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, polymer 10-35%, additives 1-20%, hnyav 50-89%). Qhov sib tov yog nplawm ntawm 50-90℃rau 12-48 teev kom paub meej tias kev ua tiav, ua raws li kev pom thiab degassing los tsim ib homogeneous thiab ruaj khov casting tov.
Kev them nyiaj yug (Base Tube) Kev Npaj: Txhawm rau txhawb cov txheej txheem kev sib cais tsis yooj yim thiab ua kom cov dej ntws tawm, cov raj xa dej yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb:
• Organic Support Tube: Tsis yog -cov ntaub npuag xws li polyester thiab polyethylene yog spirally raug mob rau hauv lub raj hlau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab raj tsis siv neeg winding. Kev txhawb zog yog ua tiav los ntawm kub yaj nplaum nplaum thiab ultrasonic vuam, tsim ib lub raj txhawb nqa nrog ib sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas tsis yog - woven fabric composite txheej.
• Inorganic Support Tubes: Ua los ntawm cov hmoov ceramic xws li alumina thiab zirconium oxide, cov raj no tau npaj ua slurries, extruded, qhuav, thiab tom qab ntawd sintered ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ua high- lub zog ceramic raj nrog cov qauv ntxeem tau.
• Separation Layer Formation: Cov txheej txheem sib cais yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias. Nws cov txheej txheem tsim yog muab faib ua ob pawg: ntub theem inversion thiab txheej txheej.
1. Wet Phase Inversion (Mainstream Txheej Txheem): Cov txheej txheem no yog siv dav hauv cov organic tubular ultrafiltration membranes. Cov tshuaj npaj casting yog uniformly coated mus rau sab hauv los yog sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub raj txhawb nqa, uas yog ces muab tso rau hauv ib da dej coagulation (feem ntau yog dej). Kev sib cais theem tshwm sim ntawm cov kua membrane thiab cov coagulation da dej, nrog cov kuab tshuaj thiab tsis yog - hnyav sib pauv, tsim cov txheej txheej ultrathin sib cais nrog cov qauv asymmetric ntawm qhov chaw txhawb nqa. Los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem, qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm gelation, thiab lub kaum sab xis dej ntawm lub raj txhawb nqa, qhov pore loj thiab flux ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem tswj tau.
2. Composite Txheej: Txhawm rau txhim kho daim nyias nyias cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv fouling lossis ua tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb sib cais, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw feem ntau yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov ntxeem tau. Piv txwv li, txheej sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm PVDF lub raj txhawb nqa nrog hydrophilic PDA (dopamine) txheej thiab tom qab ntawd tso GO (graphene oxide) nanosheets tuaj yeem ua rau siab -flux, siab -rejection-rate composite nanofiltration membrane. Ceramic daim nyias nyias feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej ntawm alumina, boehmite, thiab titanium dioxide nanosols ntawm cov ntxhib ntxhib{7}} ntxeem tau, maj mam txo qhov pore loj los ntawm qib micrometer mus rau qib ultrafiltration (<100 nm).
Kev tsim, kho, thiab tom qab- kho
Tom qab txheej txheej, daim nyias nyias yuav tsum tau tsim thiab kho. Organic membrane raj yog txias thiab kho, ces txiav mus rau tus qauv ntev raws li xav tau. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev yoog raws thiab quav tsis kam, qee zaum lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj moisturizing xws li glycerin. Ceramic daim nyias nyias yuav tsum tau ziab thiab siab -kub sintering kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais thiab kev txhawb nqa, tsim kom muaj qhov ruaj khov hierarchical pore qauv.
Kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas
Txhua batch ntawm cov khoom tau soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo raws li cov qauv. Cov cim tseem ceeb suav nrog:
• Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim: Cov dej ntshiab huv raws li tus qauv siab (piv txwv li, 0.1-0.25 MPa). • Kev Sib Cais Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev tuav tus nqi ntawm cov qauv tshuaj nrog qhov hnyav molecular (xws li PEG, BSA) los txiav txim qhov hnyav molecular txiav.
• Lub cev muaj zog: Cov tsos, qhov ntev, phab ntsa thickness, txhua yam muaj zog, thiab siab tsis kam.
Module Encapsulation: Cov hlab ntsha uas kuaj tau yuav raug encapsulated los ua qhov kawg tubular membrane module. Cov txheej txheem encapsulation muaj xws li:
1. End Sealing: Thaum tshav kub kub- melting los yog bonding kawg caps rau ob qho kawg ntawm lub membrane raj los ua ib tug kaw kab noj hniav.
2. Bundling: Loading ntau lub hnab ntim rau hauv lub siab-cov vaj tse tiv taus raws li cov qauv tsim, thiab txhim kho qhov chaw nkag / qhov hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib txuas, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
3. Kev soj ntsuam zaum kawg: ua tag nrho cov airtightness thiab kev ntsuas siab ntawm lub encapsulated module. Thaum tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia ua cov khoom lag luam lossis xa tuaj rau kev siv.
